How Art Appraisers Give High or Low Values to Artwork

How Art Appraisers Give High or Low Values to ArtworkHow Art Appraisers Give High or Low Values to ArtworkPutting a price on species may not be an exact science, as the value of an artwork may be of a subjective nature, but there is a method on when to give art a high or a low value in the art appraisal report. Two fine art appraisal experts were asked for their professional advice. Be Accredited Fine art appraiser Mark Grove advises Would-be appraisers need to be aware that anytime that there is a tax consequence for the intended use of an appraisal report the IRS requires that the appraiser be an accredited member of a major appraisal society (AAA, ISA, ASA). Examine Providing a longer answer is fine art appraiser Mary Carpenter. She advises How to appraise an art object is a fairly open-ended question. But the main rule I follow is to examine the work with my own eyes, or in rare cases, rely on the opinion of an expert on that subject, such as a museum curator or a scholar . I personally am not a big fan of online appraisals. I only appraise those works which fall into my field of expertise. One learns very early on that it is much better to say I dont have the expertise, but I can refer you to someone who does, rather than to try to know every kind of art. No one can know everything. Take Notes As an art appraiser, I examine the work, take measurements, notes about condition, signature, any other physical traits, and then photograph the object. Looking at the back of two-dimensional works is as important as looking at the front since there are often gallery stickers or identifying features which are extremely useful. Read Any documentation about provenance, its purchase or any other relevant facts provided by the owner about the object are also extremely useful. IRS Review How I craft an individual appraisal report depends on its purpose. There is more documentation needed for any reports which are possibly to be reviewed by the IRS. High or Low Values? The values for Fair Market Value would tend to be lower than for an Insurance Replacement Value. But there are no hard and fast rules as to when to go high or low. It depends on the market of the individual bewegungsknstler and the purpose of the appraisal. Consider Appraisals Purpose The purpose is the primary consideration as to what approach to take. And even then, a certified appraiser can only reflect the market and not go artificially higher or lower to accommodate a certain end the client might request.

3 Ways Stress Is Crushing Your Job Search

3 Ways Stress Is Crushing Your Job Search3 Ways Stress Is Crushing Your Job SearchYou spend hours combing through job boards in search of those open positions that actually seem suitable. When you do find one? You start the agonizing process of tailoring your resume, hitting that submit button, and then waiting for any sort of news to arrive in your inbox.Oh, and all the while, you have the paralyzing fear of rejection and failure hanging over your head.Is your heart racing? I get it- job searching can be incredibly stressful. But, while youre mora than justified in getting some sweaty palms and some shaky knees during your hunt for a new gig, letting that stress overwhelm you can have some dire effects.Here are three different ways that stress is sabotaging your job search- as well as what you can do to kick your anxiety to the curb1. Stress destroys your focus.It takes some intense focus to tweak your resume, draft an impressive cover letter, and submit an application thats sure to grab the attention of that hiring manager.Unfortunately, stress can quickly get in the way of your ability to zone in on the task at hand. Researchers have found that our ability to focus and concentrate is directly correlated to how much emotional stress were under. So, if you let those frenzied feelings get too big, youll run the risk of letting something slip through the cracks- whether its a pesky typo in your resume or forgetting to swap out the company name at the top of your cover letter.2. Stress impedes your motivation.Job hunting is a lot of work. And, while a little bit of stress can serve to light a fire under you, too much can actually have the opposite effect. Studies show that excessive levels of stress can hinder your performance and decrease your motivation- which are important qualities to have when youre trying to ace your job search.3. Stress sends your mood into a nosedive.If theres one thing you likely already know about stress, its that it can have you feelin g gloomy in almost no time at all.Dont worry, its not just you- science backs this up. According to the Mayo Clinic, common effects of stress on your mood include irritability, anger, sadness, and depression. The last thing you need is to feel sour and mopey while writing that cover letter or corresponding with a hiring manager. So, keeping your stress at bay is crucial for presenting yourself as the engaged and enthusiastic job seeker that you are.How to Cope with Your Job Search StressWhat can you do to keep that inevitable stress from swooping in and destroying your entire job search? Put one (or all) of the following tactics to work for you.1. tischset attainable goals.Conquering a job search can often feel like standing at the bottom of a giant mountain and looking up. If you think of the process as a whole- every job, every resume, every interview- you can quickly feel overwhelmed and lost.This is why its helpful to break your job search up into smaller, more actionable goals. For example, maybe you want to apply for three jobs this weekend. Or, perhaps you want to have your LinkedIn profile brushed up by the end of the afternoon.By focusing on more bite-sized objectives, youll feel like youre making some actual progress- which can serve as your motivation to keep pushing forward with a cool, calm, and collected attitude.2. Practice positive thoughts.The concept of positive thinking might seem a little cheesy. But, rest assured, its undeniably effective when it comes to limiting your stress.This is another area that the Mayo Clinic has studied. Through its research, it found that reducing your negative self-talk (in other words, those nasty things that the little voice in your head likes to torture you with) can also reduce your stress. The study points out that this doesnt mean you need to be naive and ignore the negative things that happen. Instead, you just need to approach them in a more productive and positive way.3. Have a talk with an empathetic f riend.Bottling up your emotions can just cause you to stew on them even more. So, when youre feeling particularly stressed out, have a level-headed chat with an empathetic friend.The operative word there is level-headed. While positive venting can help you release some stress, the type of venting that involves yelling and flushed cheeks can actually increase your stress levels. Plus, calmly conversing with a friend about your concerns can help you gain some outside perspective on the situations that are frustrating you.When it comes to your job search, stress is pretty much inevitable. The bad news? If you let it get out of hand, your efforts could suffer. But, the good news? There are some simple and effective ways you can deal with it. Put behauptung tips to work, and youre sure to tackle your hunt for a new job with as few frantic feelings and chewed nails as possible.

Breakthrough Makes Graphene Easier to 3D Print

Breakthrough Makes Graphene Easier to 3D Print Breakthrough Makes Graphene Easier to 3D Print Breakthrough Makes Graphene Easier to 3D PrintGraphene is one of earths strongest materials. Because of its high electric and thermal conductivity, it is sought by a variety of industries, from aerospace to battery manufacturing. But printing objects with graphene is limited because it can only be printed in basic structures or in 2D sheets. That is now changing as researchers at Virginia Tech and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have developed a process to 3D print complex objects of graphene at a resolution much greater than before.The breakthrough will allow a designer to produce 3D topology made of interconnected graphene sheets, notes Xiaoyu Zheng, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering and director of the Advanced Manufacturing and Metamaterials Lab. In turn, that will lead to an optimization of strength, conductivity and weight density not previously achievable.Zoomed- in scanning electron microscope picture of a graphene octet-truss at a resolution of 10 micrometers. Image Virginia TechRegular graphene consists of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycombed hexagonal pattern. When layered, it becomes graphite commonly used in lead pencils. But the layering also makes the substance brittle. Zhengs team solved that problem by separating the layers with air-filled pores, maintaining its original integrity.For You How Additive Manufacturing Will Transform the Supply ChainThe result is something called graphene aerogels, porous graphene structures fitted with air-filled pores, and they provide better mechanical properties. Ryan Hensleigh, a macromolecular science and engineering Ph.D. student, began working with Zheng on the project three years ago when he interned at Lawrence Livermore under Zheng. When Zheng moved to Virginia Tech, so did Hensleigh.Its a pretty significant breakthrough, Hensleigh says. When we started, we didnt have a g reat idea about how to go about it.Pristine graphene is one of the stiffest materials ever measured, but graphene foams experience such massive degradation in mechanical properties that they are worse than polymer foams at low densities, notes Hensleigh and other authors of a paper explaining the technique published in the journal Material Horizons. 3D-printed mechanical metamaterials have shown the unprecedented ability to alleviate such degradation, but all current graphene foam 3D printing techniques are unable to produce such complex metamaterial architectures due to insufficient resolution and toolpath limitations.When work on the project began, graphene was generally printed through an extruder that produced log pile structures. The type of structures created are limited because resolution is limited, along with kooperation. They just simply could not support their own weight, Hensleigh says.The breakthrough allows graphene to be designed into any shape with a very high resolu tion. The new technique is compatible with a desktop SLA printer and achieves an order-of-magnitude finer resolution and far more intricate structures than any previous method, according to the paper. This technique opens new possibilities not only to enhance graphene foam mechanical properties, but to explore complex architectures and mesoscale effects for other graphene applications including energy storage and conversion, gestaffelte anordnungs, and catalysis, the authors wrote.We really did this through trial and error, Hensleigh says.He began by working with graphene oxide, a precursor to graphene, and crosslinked sheets of the material to form a foam, or hydrogel. Then he broke that into small pieces with ultrasound and added light-sensitive acrylate polymers. The graphene oxide became trapped within the rigid chains of the polymer, allowing a solid 3D structure to be created through projection micro-stereolithography.The structures polymers were then burned off in a furnace, fusing the object together and producing a pure, lightweight aerogel. Using this technique, designers can print an object to 10 microns in resolution compared to others that print to 100 microns, Hensleigh says. Ten-micron resolution approaches the actual size of graphene sheets.It now takes a week to two weeks to make the material, but the actual printing is finished within two hours. Remember, the parts are pretty small, a few millimeters on each side, he says.More work is needed before printing graphene at home becomes feasible but the researchers are excited about the possibilities. The high-resolution, intricate structures not only allow the fabrication of arbitrary form factors for a plethora of applications but can improve graphene foam properties at increasingly low densities, according to the paper. Micro-architected graphenes essentially unlimited design space, high surface area and electrical conductivity paves the way for exploring mesoscale architectures for advanced 3D graphene applications including catalysis and separation platforms, tunable thermal conductivity, and fluid flow among others, the authors wrote.Theres a lot of interest in ultra-low thermally conductive material, and even bone tissue engineering, says Hensleigh, adding that he wants to pursue applications in battery electrodes. Energy storage and conversion is one of the areas where graphene applications shows the most promise.Read MoreHear Episode One of Our New Podcast Building the Case for a Diversified WorkforceRaspberry Pis Eben Upton on Design and InnovationSmart Bandage Does It All For Further DiscussionIts a pretty significant breakthrough. When we started, we didnt have a great idea of how to go about it.Ryan Hensleigh, Virginia Tech